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Structural Assessment of Masonry in Ruinous State *** Evaluare structurală a zidăriei în stare de ruină Ár:
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Rezümé:
The typology of masonry castles and fortresses in ruinous state often covers three-leaf masonry. These walls demonstrate a large complexity, in layout and materials use (brick/stone masonry, mortar types used), in relation to their structural behaviour (different strength and stiffness of the paraments), and in the state of the masonry: heterogeneity or voids, cohesion in between leaves, degradation phenomena. Their failure modes are governed by loss of cohesion in between the different leaves. On-site investigation techniques such as endoscopy or geo-electric measurements aim at gathering information on the actual state of the masonry. Grout injection is a possible option for consolidating the load-bearing capacity by means of filling voids and restoring cohesion. Two case studies are treated: the Maegdentoren at Zichem (Tower
of Virgins), which is now, after partial collapse in 2006, partially in a ruinous state; and the Castle of Beersel, at which geo-electric measurements have been performed before and after consolidation by means of grout injection.
Keywords: three-leaf masonry, cohesion, geo-electric measurements, consolidation, grout injection